(CNN Español) – The efficiencies and efficiencies have been observed in the last weeks of vaccine-related vacancies. Without embarrassment, the two terms differ in their significance in the scientific plan.
In this episode, physician Elmer Huerta examined a clear meaning of the una y en qué contexto.
You can listen to this episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or your favorite podcast platform, or learn the transcription and continuation.
Hello, soja el Dr. Elmer Huerta and this is his diary dose of information about the new coronavirus. Information that we hope will help us to take care of our health and that of our families.
There are terms that are used indistinctly in these days in relation to vacancies, quals, without embarrassment, all of which have completely different meanings: efficiency and effectiveness. Hoy, approving an Israeli studio, we will see that difference exists between both concepts.
As we will see in multiple preview episodes, we will record the first as the vacancies are unrolled.
The process of developing a vacancy
Preclinical stage
The vacancies pass for two stages in their development. The first is the preclinical, in which the human being comes as the subject of experimentation.
This stage is performed in the laboratory and includes the investigations to determine the properties of the vaccine candidate in single tubes, cells, small mammals and primates.
Clinical stage
This stage obtains a product that is the candidate vacancy, list to pass to the second stage of development, which is the clinical stage, in which the human is interviewed as a subject of experimentation. The clinical stage is divided into three phases.
- Phase 1: Trying for decades to volunteer the capacity of the vaccine candidate to provoke immunity and determine their safety. In other words, try to be as comfortable as possible and be safe.
- Phase 2: If there are different percentages of people, the knowledge about the immunization and safety is determined, but the dose and intervals of the vacancies are also determined.
- Phase 3: Apply to the vacancy candidate against a placebo in dozens of miles of volunteers, to determine when it is vacancy to prevent the illness or its complications.
Desir, it is in this stage 3 that determines the first term that we want to clarify today: the efficiency of a vacancy.
Phase 3 results
As we say, Phase 3 studies are conducted over decades of person miles, and their studies with very controlled protocols, in which the investigators reunite groups of people in which they can check the age, the pre-existing conditions, and the sex and ethnicity of the participants.
In other words, to facilitate the comparison of the results, the participants of the phase 3 studies are more or less homogenous and homogenous persons, in which many are excluded from embarrassing women, children, very old people or with pre-existing conditions.
To conclude the Phase 3 study, compare the cases between the group receiving the vaccine and the group receiving the placebo, continuing the number of cases in the group setting. It is concluded that the vaccine is effective if the cases of enema in the group receiving the vaccine are much less than in the group receiving the placebo.
For Pfizer / BioNTech, for example, the vacancy rate is calculated at 95% and at Modern at 94.5%. AstraZeneca is 82.4%, Johnson & Johnson 72% in United States 66% in Latin America and 57% in South Africa.
What is the effectiveness of a vacancy?
To understand this concept, we want the experience that the Israeli government is developing, that in addition to actively evacuating its inhabitants, they are studying.
In this sense, a recent study -not published in a medical review- found that the effectiveness of the Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine -which is what they are used- is 94% to avoid the synthetic infection and 92% to avoid the severe severa.
To reach this conclusion, Israel’s Clalit Health Plan investigators study 1.2 million people, each of them, 600,000 of whom have received a dose of the Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine and a whopping 600,000 without the recipient, comparing the frequency of the characteristics: the cases of covid-19 syntactic and the severe cases of infection.
As we mentioned, compared with the vacancies, the frequency of symptomatic illness decreased by 94% and by severity in 92% of persons receiving dose of the vacancy.
These numbers, 94% and 92% denominate ineffectiveness of the vaccine, no efficacy.
The difference between the efficiency and efficiency of a vacancy
The efficacy is calculated in a clinically controlled trial in which the participant is trained, and the vaccine is compared with a placebo; while the efficiency is calculated as vacant to all types of persons in real life, and compares the vacancies against the vacancies.
In agreement with the Israeli experiences, for the Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine, the efficiency and effectiveness are almost coincidental, as is usually not to be expected, only in general, the effectiveness in the real world is less than the efficiency in a study controlled.
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