Supported by the European Union – via FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION: the platform for European preparedness against (re) emerging epidemic (PREPARE) consortium (602525); and the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program: the Rapid European Covid-19 Emergency Research Response (RECOVER) consortium (101003589) – and through the Australian National Council for Health and Medical Research (APP1101719), the Health Research Council of New Zealand ( 16/631), a Canadian Institute for Health Strategy for Patient-Oriented Clinical Trials Research Program (158584), the UK NIHR and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Center, Council for Health Research of Ireland (CTN 2014-012), the UPMC Program for learning while doing, the Breast Cancer Foundation, the French Ministry of Health (PHRC-20-0147), the Minderoo Foundation, Amgen, Eisai, the Global Coalition for Flexible Research and the Wellcome Trust Innovations Project (215522). Dr. Gordon is funded by an NIHR research professorship (RP-2015-06-18), and dr. Shankar-Hari by an NIHR Clinician Scientist Fellowship (CS-2016-16-011).
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available in full text of this article on NEJM.org.
The members of the writing committee are as follows: Anthony C. Gordon, MB, BS, MD, Paul R. Mouncey, M.Sc., Farah Al-Beidh, Ph.D., Kathryn M. Rowan, Ph.D. , Alistair D. Nichol, MD, Ph.D., Yaseen M. Arabi, MD, Djillali Annane, MD, Ph.D., Abi Beane, Ph.D., Wilma van Bentum-Puijk, M.Sc., Lindsay R. Berry, Ph.D., Zahra Bhimani, MPH, Marc JM Bonten, MD, Ph.D., Charlotte A. Bradbury, MB, Ch.B., Ph.D., Frank M. Brunkhorst, MD, Ph.D. .D., Adrian Buzgau, M.Sc., Allen C. Cheng, MB, BS, Ph.D., Michelle A. Detry, Ph.D., Eamon J. Duffy, B.Pharm., Lise J. Estcourt , MB, B.Ch., Ph.D., Mark Fitzgerald, Ph.D., Herman Goossens, Ph.D., Rashan Haniffa, Ph.D., Alisa M. Higgins, Ph.D., Thomas E. Hills, Ph.D., Christopher M. Horvat, MD, Francois Lamontagne, MD, Patrick R. Lawler, MD, MPH, Helen L. Leavis, MD, Ph.D., Kelsey M. Linstrum, MS, Edward Litton, MD, Ph.D., Elizabeth Lorenzi, Ph.D., John C. Marshall, MD, Florian B. Mayr, MD, MPH, Daniel F. McAuley, MD, Anna McGlothlin, Ph.D., Shay P. McGuinness , Managing Director, Bryan J. McVerry, MD, Stephanie K. Montgomery, M.Sc., Susan C. Morpeth, MD, Ph.D., Srinivas Murthy, MD, Katrina Orr, B.Pharm., Rachael L. P arke, Ph.D. , Jane C. Parker, BN, Asad E. Patanwala, Pharm.D., MPH, Ville Pettilä, MD, Emma Rademaker, MD, Marlene S. Santos, MD, MSHS, Christina T. Saunders, Ph.D., Christopher W. Seymour, MD, Manu Shankar-Hari, MD, Ph.D., Wendy I. Sligl, MD, Alexis F. Turgeon, MD, Anne M. Turner, MPH, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, MD, Ph.D. D., Ryan Zarychanski, MD, Cameron Green, M.Sc., Roger J. Lewis, MD, Ph.D., Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH, Colin J. McArthur, MD, Scott Berry, Ph.D ., Steve A. Webb, MD, Ph.D., and Lennie PG Third, MD, Ph.D.
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) or the Department of Health and Social Care.
This article was published on February 25, 2021 on NEJM.org.
A statement about the sharing of data by the authors is available with the full text of this article on NEJM.org.
We thank the staff of the NIHR Clinical Research Network (UK), UPMC Health System Health Services Division (USA) and the Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation de l’Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (France) for their support of recruiting participants.