How to talk to believers about the COVID-19 conspiracy theories

Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 cause real problems by discouraging some people from being vaccinated, wearing masks, or following other guidelines. Some bizarre theories about the virus have prompted believers to burn 5G cell towers, close vaccination clinics, or even ingest toxins that are considered a cure.

Experts on misinformation and psychology interviewed by The Associated Press offer several tips to individuals wondering how to talk to friends or family who believe in conspiracy theories about COVID-19. This is what they suggest:

LISTEN, DON’T PREACH: Believers in conspiracy theories are unlikely to be influenced by people who mock their views. Instead of lecturing, listen and ask questions about how they are interested in conspiracy theory, where they get their information and whether they have considered other explanations. If possible, conduct the conversation offline.

KEEP CALM: Arguing with someone about conspiracy theories will probably only result in higher blood pressure. Remember that some people will not change their mind no matter what you say, and arguing about the proven benefits of wearing a mask or vaccines is unlikely to convince them.

CHANGE THE SUBJECT: Bring out shared experiences and interests to help the person focus on personal commitments. If someone stands by the conspiracy theory, you should politely say that you would rather talk about something else.

As for your own defense against conspiracy theories and misinformation about the virus (or any other topic), experts suggest the following:

Expand your media diet: the best way to stay informed and avoid rabbit holes from misinformation and conspiracy theories is to check a variety of news sources – including some local, national and international stores. Do not just rely on social media for your news.

CHECK SOURCES: check if the content is written and who is quoted in it. Are they called? Do they have a position or experience that gives credibility to their claims? Are other points of view expressed in the article? Be wary of claims made by ‘insiders’, anonymous internet posters or anyone who mentions hearsay as a fact. Also look at the dates: misinformation hawkers regularly post old photos or news reports and claim they are new.

Be wary of the content that plays on emotions: misinformation and conspiracy theories exploit anger, fear or other emotions. Be wary of content that contains strong emotional language, or that seems meant to offend you. If you read something that really makes you flare up, wait until your emotions have cooled down before posting or sending them to friends.

VERIFY EXCEPTIONAL CLAIMS: If you read something that makes an incredible claim – one that seems too good, too awful, or too strange to be true – see if it is reported elsewhere. If this is an important story, other stores will confirm the details. Beware of explosive claims if they are only made on one website or by one user on social media.

GET ONLINE: The pandemic was a time of heightened tension and fear for all, and there are many legitimate questions about the virus. Experts believe that healthy habits such as exercise, meditation, positive relationships, volunteering and even hobbies can alleviate some of the fear – and we can resist misinformation and conspiracy theories that exploit our fear or anger.