ARN’s vacancies have a huge potential in futures medicine

Dentro of the lot of vacancies against the coronavirus that is applied in various countries of the world, hay of the innovative vehicles that he demonstrated a high efficiency and very good security, the basic parameters to evaluate this preventive measure. They are the vacancies of the laboratories Pfizer-BioNTech and Modern, using the new ARN messaging platform.

Today, the vacancies against the new coronavirus that he showed an effective mayor and he was informed that he published in scientific journals revised by parishes and the approval of important regulatory agencies in the world, is based on this molecule, specifically on a subtype known as ARN messages that specifically have as objective transmission the message contained in the DNA and convert into all the proteins that allow us to breathe, think, move, live. This molecule is so important that many scientists believe that it can start life in Tierra, more than 3,000 million years ago. And that is one of the most important weapons to save the planet from the worst pandemic of the last years.

ARN technology technology that utilizes both vacancies some DNA instructions for the cells of the human body to generate protected protein proteins, generating a 95% efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in those days after the second vaccine dose and 28 days after the first. The vacuna, according to the specifications of the companies, fue in general well tolerated, although in some cases causes of fever and local pain are not injected, but no serious reaction is detected.

About the discovery of the The double helix structure of the DNA, the molecular biology will show us the form in which the worlds of form and sequence prevail. The form of a protein depends on the intrinsic form in which the amino acid pathway of the compound takes place. Eso depende, a su vez, del orden en que los aminoácidos de diferentes typos se unen en esa cadena. The order of amino acids is a critical part of the alchemical genetic information in the cell sequences of the cell genome. The transfer of information from the formal archive form that toma in the genome has to its active physical institution in the cellars of the cell depending on the arn, a molecule in which the sequence as the form of a crucible paper plays. The gene sequence is the first copy of adn al arn; this transcript of arn luego is edited to form a molecule called arn message or arnm.

According to scientific studies, the extremity of the arn m molecule is formatted in a distinctive form known as the ribosomes, Pieces of machinery composed of dozens of enveloping proteins around another set of arn molecules. With the help of a few more arn molecules, little ones called arn that adhere to the sequence of arn m of three letters in the vez, the ribosome translates the genetic message into the protein to which a amino acid chain is created and medida que se mueve a lo largo del mensaje.

This is how the mechanism works with the development of ArnN’s vacancies by BioNTech, a German biotechnology company based in Mainz, and Modern, a Cambridge stadium, Massachusetts, versus SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The companies produce in mass the sequence of arn that describes the distinctive protein of “pico”, which is inserted into the outer membrane of the virus, formatted to appear an arn m natural. These arn molecules, wrapped in tiny burbushes called liposomes, are injected into the patients, giving the liposomes contraindication to the arn m in the cells. The ribosomes capture the arn m format and learn the sequence, producing as well as the protein of the pico. The immunological system learns to recognize the peak that is producing the evacuated cells and values ​​the memory. It is allowed to mount a rapid response if it finds the same protein in the surface of the viral particles and the infected cells.

It is able to make the cells that produce proteins for those whose ad contains no gene, in its own way, sufficient to open the gaps of new therapeutic territory. But there is no history. The cells produce large amounts of arn that do not describe proteins. Its ability to reconstruct specific genetic sequences has been used for all types of processes, including the activation and deactivation of gene translation. Its ability to perform in particular forms (watches, bumps and the like) is good for interacting with proteins.

This arn letter soup works as a little like the operating system of a computer, mediating the relationship between the hardware of the cell and its software. Many of the details of this feature are already being considered. However, some of them are sufficiently well received because they have invested a great deal of intellectual and financial capacity in intentions to pirate the operating system with therapeutic fines.

These debris abilities allow drug manufacturers to advance in the ascending order of the proteins they have formed and studied for a long time in the sequences of the sequences. Where antes lead proteins that are present, now you can, in principle, appoint the processes that control which proteins are produced first, adding other utilities to the list and taking the old ones. There are pharmacies based on arn in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, cardiac and hereditary sclerotic diseases, as well as cerebral palsy such as Alzheimer’s disease in Parkinson’s.

Furthermore, the sequence of sequence and shape of the arn means that, in many areas, the process takes place in the form of drug discovery, during which much time depends on the formation of synthetic molecules with the grits and hands. proteins to those that lead, can be different if systematized. A sequence that recognizes, or part of, a gene that can be transmitted by a sequence adapted to another. When you have an arn pharmacy depending on your sequence, your objective and action can be modified with the click of a mouse.

The vacancies of ARNm podrían prepare the terrain to use this platform both for pathogens and known as for the emerging, pudiendo cambiar to complete the vacunological panorama. If there are any second generation ARNm vacancies that are protected with a single pinchazo and have padded three coronavirus graves broken in the past six years, then have a universal coronavirus front vent using a coronavirus. The flu, with its annual mutations, could also be a good candidate for an ARNm vaccine that could be produced quickly and on demand ”.

How it works

All vacancies have the same objective: train the immunological system in order to recognize the coronavirus and thus elevate its defenses of preventive form, with the end of neutralizing the real virus to produce the contagion.

Burden conventional vacancies can you elaborate from virus inactive (such as polio or the flu), atenuados (sarampión, fiebre amarilla) or simply antigenic proteins (hepatitis B). But with the Pfizer and in German society BioNTech, así como con la de la estadounidense Modern, se inyectan in the body Hebrew genetic instructions bautizadas ARN messages, it is said, the molecule that the dice to our cells that hacer. Each cell is a mini-factory of proteins, according to the genetic instructions contained in the DNA of its nucleus.

The ARN message from the vacuna is manufactured in a laboratory. Median the vacuna insert into the body and take control of this machinery to produce proteins or specific antigens of the coronavirus: its “specs”, these are points that have characteristics that are in their surface and allow them to adhere to human cells for penetration.

These are proteins, inoffensivas en sí mismas, will be released by our cells receive the instructions from the vacuna, y the immunological system in response will produce anticoagulation. These antecedents will be guarded for a long time – it will be hoped- with the ability to reconstruct and neutralize the coronavirus in case of our infection.

The medicine of the future

Both laboratories have other vacancies in the process of learning the COVID-19. Modern is looking for vaccines to defend against cytomegalovirus infection (a herpes virus that causes neurological problems in recent deaths), three pulmonary viruses that causes respiratory diseases in small children and Zika, a virus transmitted by mosquitoes that are found mainly in the tropics. BioNTech is the centerpiece of the development of vacancies and other treats with those who treat a wide range of cancers. The cancerous cells tend to have specific constellations of proteins in their surfaces, including the norms that are overexpressed and, what is more intriguing, the mutant forms that develop this tumor. Comparison of the genes expressed in healthy cells of a patient using the tumor cells reveals that mutant proteins are producing the cancers. The arn m for these proteins can be incorporated into a vaccine.

BioNTech is also testing the vacancies of m arn dirigidas and sobreexpresadas pero no mutadas proteins. Modernity, meanwhile, is investigating vacancies that train in the immunological system to reconstruct proteins created by common mutations in cancer, a gene implicating approximately 20% of human cancers.

Vaccination is not the only form in which arnm injection can fight viruses and tumors. The technique will also be used to ensure that the cells producing therapeutic proteins that are currently administering by means of injection or infusion: interleucinas and anticoagulants. Make sure that the cells of the patients are loaded with the manufacturing areas of the anticorrosive series a great step of the future in the future.

Technical file

Number: Pfizer-BioNTech and Modern SARS-CoV-2 ARNm Vacancies

Approved for: Authorization for 16-year emergence in May for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Type: ARNm in lipid nanoparticles

Molecular objectives: Pico viral glycoprotein (S)

Cellular targets: The vaccine induces the production of antibodies by the cells B against the virus protein. It also generates T cells, particularly CD4 + and CD8 + against the SARS-CoV-2 protein protein.

Effects on objectives: The anticoagulants are one of the blank sites in the SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoprotein and neutralize or inactivate the virus for its destruction and posterior elimination by the immunological system.

Desarrollado by: BioNTech / Pfizer y Moderna / NIH VRC

Infographics: Marcelo Regalado

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